Roaming dogs are considered a problem for a variety of reasons, including aggression towards humans, disease transmission, environmental contamination, and compromised animal welfare. The misconception that culling dogs will eliminate these issues and that “the problem is that there are too many dogs” remains widespread. To combat this misconception, World Animal Protection advocates for the integration of humane dog population management (DPM) into governmental programmes around the world, as an integral part in reducing conflicts between dogs and the communities they live in and achieving a harmonious coexistence between them. Our experience has taught us that no programme is the same, that although there are guidelines in DPM, social, cultural and geographical realities must be taken into consideration when creating tailor-made programmes that deal with the root causes of “dog problems” in different places. Our key learnings working for the organization over the past 7 years in Brazil, Costa Rica, China, Kenya, Romania, Serbia, Zanzibar and Asia Pacific have been: